“Ennead III: On Providence” by Plotinus

“The wicked rule by the cowardice of the ruled.” The Artist’s Approach to the Problem of Evil In works of art, there is variety, gradation and contrast, e.g., counterpoint and harmony in music; In creation, there is “unity in diversity”, and if the pattern doesn’t encompass the opposite extremes, it would not be the unity of the All. There are innumerable acts in the great Play, but we only participate in […]

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“Consolation of Philosophy” by Boethius

[Original Latin Title: Consolatio Philosophiae] Boethius was a Christian philosopher of ancient Rome, but “Consolation of Philosophy” is not a treatise on Christianity. For it doesn’t address the question of sacrifice and remission of sins, let alone the love of God. But instead, like Plato’s Republic, it attempts to reshape the readers’ understanding of the nature of evil and justice, by way of answering the question, “Why do good people […]

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